美国人的现代生活方式英文阅读(3)

健康生活方式英文阅读：懒人有理，不叠被子更益健康 There are two kinds of people in this world: those who religiously make their bed every day in cleanliness and order… and the rest of us. If you’re in the latter group, then I’ve got some good news: keeping your bed messy might be good for your health. 世界上有两种人：一种是每天确保床铺整洁有序的人;另一种就是……床 上一团糟的人。如果你属于后者，那我有好消息告诉你：床铺乱糟糟的也许 有助于身体健康哦! The research was conducted by a team from the Kingston University in England; they used a computer model to predict how the dust mites fare in a range of different conditions – including on a made and nonmade bed. They found that the mites flourish on neatly mate beds, but shrivel and dry otherwise. 一支来自英国金斯顿大学的团队做了这样一项调查：他们用电脑模型预 测了尘螨在不同环境下的生长情况——包括整洁的床铺和杂乱的床铺。他们 发现，螨虫会在整洁的伴侣床上疯狂滋生，而在没有整理的床铺上干瘪死亡。 “ We know that mites can only survive by taking in water from the atmosphere using small glands on the outside of their body,” lead researcher Stephen Pretlove told the BBC when the research was released. “Something as simple as leaving a bed unmade during the day can remove moisture from the sheets and mattress so the mites will dehydrate and eventually die.” “我们知道，螨虫只有靠体外的小腺体从外界环境中汲取水分才能生 存。”研究公开后，首席研究员史蒂芬在接受 BBC 采访时说道。“白天起床不 整理床铺这类简单的事情，能让床单和床垫除湿，从而螨虫会脱水而死。” I’m hoping that soon they will prove that not making your bed is indeed detrimental to mites… or, you know, any reason to not make your bed. 我希望，没多久专家们就能证明不叠被子的确能杀死螨虫。或者不论什 么原因，不再需要叠被子就可以，你懂的。 健康生活方式英文阅读：不要带着怒气睡觉 Never go to bed angry, the old saying goes, or bad feeling will harden into resentment. 有句老话说，千万不要带着怒气入睡，否则糟糕的情绪会转化成怨恨。 Now scientists have found evidence to support the idea that negative emotional memories are harder to reverse after a night's sleep. 如今科学家们发现了支持这种观点的证据：负面情绪记忆在过夜后更难 逆转。 The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, suggests that during sleep, the brain reorganises the way negative memories are stored, making these associations harder to suppress in the future. 这项发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的研究称，在睡眠中，人的 大脑会重新 组织负面记忆的储存方式，使这些感觉日后更加难以压制。 "In our opinion, yes, there is certain merit in this age-old advice," said Yunzhe Liu, who led the research at Beijing Normal University and is now based at University College London. 别带着怒气入眠! 小心强化脑中负面记忆!"在我们看来，老话还是有它的 道理的。"领导本次研究、来自北京师范大学的刘云哲说道。他目前的工作 地点在英国伦敦大学学院。 "We would suggest to first resolve argument before going to bed; don't sleep on your anger." "我们建议睡觉前先解决争端;不要带着怒气睡觉。" The study, conducted over two days, used a psychological technique known as the "think/no-think" task to test how successfully 73 male students suppressed memories. 该研究在两天内完成，采用一种叫做"想不想"的心理学方法，成功测试 了 73 名男性是如何抑制记忆的。 First, the men learnt to associate pairs of neutral faces and unsettling images, such as injured people, crying children or corpses. Next, they were shown the faces again and told to either actively think of the associated picture or to consciously avoid thinking of it. 首先，受试者接受了将中性面孔与令人不安的图像联系起来的训练，比 如受伤的人、哭泣的孩子或尸体。接着，他们会看到中性的面孔，并被告知 可以主动想起相关联的图像，或者有意识地避免回忆起那些图像。 When this session was conducted just 30 minutes after the initial learning, the participants were 9% less likely to remember the images that they had avoided thinking about compared to control image pairs – the suppression had been effective. 当这个实验在初始培训后 30 分钟进行时，与对照组相比，9%的参与者 不太会记起他们努力避免记起的图像，这就表明记忆抑制效果很明显。 However, when the suppression session was carried out 24 hours after the initial learning, after a good night's sleep, they were only 3% less likely to recall the image. 然而，当初始培训 24 小时后再进行该实验，人们在睡了一个好觉之后， 只有 3%的人不太会回忆起图像。 Brain scans offered a clue to why memories may be more difficult to unpick once they have been consolidated by sleep. 脑部扫描为我们提供了为何经睡眠巩固后的记忆更难以消散的线索。 Functional MRI scans of the participants revealed that newly acquired memories were represented by brain activity tightly centred on the hippocampus, the brain's memory centre, but the overnight memories had become more distributed across the cortex. 对受试者的功能性核磁共振扫描表明，新获得的记忆是通过以海马体(大 脑的记忆中心)为中心的大脑活动呈现的。然而，过了一夜后，记忆会在大脑 皮层内更加分散。 The authors caution that the findings were in healthy participants and are not immediately applicable to conditions like PTSD – and expecting people who have undergone a traumatic experience to start working on suppressing the memory on the same day is "probably not realistic advice". 作者提醒称，该研究是基于健康的受试者的，不能立即应用到诸如创伤 后精神紧张性障碍等情况，而且指望有过惨 痛经历的人能够当天抑制记 忆"是不现实的建议"。 However the research could help design evidence-based treatments for PTSD in the future. 但在未来，这项研究或许会有助于对创伤后精神紧张性障碍设计循证治 疗。 健康生活方式英文阅读：健康的人早餐吃什么 In a study of nearly 150 people who are "slim by design", meaning those who are a healthy weight and who don't struggle with weight issues, researchers found that only 4 percent of the participants reported skipping breakfast. 研究者发起了一项 1500 人参与的调查，这些人都是有意识地保持苗条 体形的人，也就是说从体重上看他们很健康，不必为体重问题纠结，研究者 发现只有 4%的受访者称自己不吃早餐。 "One important take away from this study is that a very high rate of slim people actually eat breakfast instead of skipping, which is consistent with previous research on the importance of breakfast," said lead author Anna-Leena Vuorinen. "But what stands out is that they not only ate breakfast, but that they ate healthful foods like fruits and vegetables." “这项研究的一个重大发现就是，在苗条的人群中有相当一大部分人会认 真吃早饭而不是略过早饭，这与前人对早餐重要性的研究是一致的，”研究成 果的主笔人安娜-莉娜·沃瑞楠说，“这次研究的创新成果是，我们发现体型苗 条的人不仅会吃早餐，而且会选择水果和蔬菜等健康食品。” Indeed, rather than sugar-laden goods like pastries and Pop-Tarts, more than half of the registry's participants reported eating fruit for breakfast. Other popular foods included eggs, cold cereal or granola. These healthy morning meals aren't anything out of the ordinary: No fancy recipes or expensive juices appeared in the findings. Check out more of the study's conclusions in the infographic below. Perhaps it's time to give your morning meal a makeover. 事实上，超过半数参与调查的人早餐吃蔬菜，而不是糖分过多的糕点和 馅饼。他们早餐还经常选择的食物包括鸡蛋、冷燕麦粥或格兰诺拉燕麦卷。 这些健康的早餐并不是奇珍异馐，并不是花哨的食谱或高档果汁。看看下面 表格中反映的研究成果吧，是时候应该让你的早餐来个更新换代了。