医学英语短文阅读专业短篇阅读

医学英语短文阅读：肝的微细结构 When viewed under a microscope, the liver is seen as large network of units called hepatic lobules. The hepatic lobule is very small and looks like a six-sided cylinder. The lobule itself is surrounded by connective tissue and has 5 to 7 clusters of vessels around its edges. These vessels include a branch of the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a bile duct. A central vein runs through the middle of the lobe and is surrounded by cords of liver cells that radiate out in all directions. Between these cords are wide thinwalled blood vessels called sinusoids. All of the blood drains into a hepatic vein which then circulates throughout the body. 在显微镜下，肝脏是由肝小叶为单位的网状结构。肝小叶非常小，是六 棱柱体。 小叶的周围是结缔组织，边缘围绕着 5-7 串脉管，有门静脉、肝动脉和 胆小管。 小叶的中央由中央静脉穿过，周围被向四周呈放射状排列的肝细胞索包 围。在索之间是扩大了的毛细血管叫血窦。所有的 血液都流入肝静脉参与体 循环。 医学英语短文阅读：器官移植 Normal human cells can also become foreign invaders. When an organ such as a liver is transplant (moved) form one person to another, cells from the transplanted organ are seen as enemy invaders by the immune system of the person receiving the organ. The cells of the transplanted organ set off an immunological attack. Killer T cells and antibodies rush to the site, causing organ rejection, and the organ dies. Physicians solve this problem in part with medicines that suppress, or slow down, the immune system. 正常的人体细胞也可能成为外来的入侵者，例如，一个人的肝脏器官移 植到另一个人的身体内，接受者的免疫系统视来自被移植器官的细胞为入侵 的敌人。被移植器官的细胞将发动一场免疫攻势，杀伤 T 细胞和抗体就会冲 到现场，引起排斥反应，而且这个被移植的器官就会死亡。医生们可以使用 抑制或减缓免疫系统的药物部分地解决这一难题。 医学英语短文阅读：外籍护士离去 英医院陷人员危机 Hospitals in London could face a future staffing crisis as overseas nurses consider heading to work elsewhere, a study has revealed. Research by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) and the King's Fund think-tank showed that four out of 10 overseas nurses in the capital admitted that they were thinking about leaving the NHS to take up jobs in other countries. The study also found that two-thirds of Filipino nurses working in London - one of the largest overseas nursing staff groups - were considering quitting the UK to work in the US. Report author Prof James Buchan said: "The NHS and independent health care sectors rely heavily on overseas nurses to deliver health care without them, parts of the health service would collapse. "They perform a crucial and valuable role but our survey shows the NHS is playing a high risk game by relying on these overseas staff to commit long term to the NHS. "Many of these nurses are considering leaving the NHS and that would pose real problems. "It's clear the NHS needs to up its efforts to grow its own workforce to ensure we have the right number of nurses for the future." The study involved almost 400 nurses from more than 30 different countries who were also asked about why they chose to work in the UK and how long they intended to stay. While the UK has banned active recruitment from many developing countries to the NHS, the research found there was still evidence of "backdoor recruitment". Many nurses said they had initially worked for private sector employers in the UK before moving to the NHS soon after completing an adaptation course. 最近的一项研究显示，由于外籍护士纷纷打算去其他国家另谋高就，伦 敦的很多医院都将面临人手紧缺的窘境。 据英国《每日邮报》网站 5 月 18 日报道，由英国皇家护理学院(RCN)和 国王基金会共同完成的这项研究显示，在伦敦各医院里的外籍护士中，有 40%的人承认他们有过脱离英国国民卫生服务体系(NHS)转而去其他国家开 始新的职业生涯的想法。 该研究报告的作者詹姆斯·巴肯教授表示：“英国国民卫生服务体系和那 些独立的卫生保健部门均高度依赖于这些外籍护士所提供的相关服务，没有 了他们，部分公共医疗卫生服务体系将会濒于崩溃。” 巴肯说：“这些人在实际工作中扮演着至关重要且卓有成效的角色，但我 们的研究显示，NHS 指望这些人长期为其提供服务的做法不啻于在玩一种具 有高度危险性的游戏。”“这些护士中的大部分人正在考虑脱离 NHS，而此举 势必会带来许多现实问题。” 他还说：“很显然，NHS 需要作出更大努力来培育真正属于自己的人力 资源，这样我们才能够保证在将来依然可以拥有正常数量的护士。” 此项研究涉及来自 30 多个不同国家的近 400 名护士，这些人还被问及 为何选择来英工作以及打算在英停留的时间。研究称，英国最大的外籍护士 群体之一、在伦敦工作的菲律宾护士中，有三分之二的人打算放弃现有工作， 前往美国闯荡一番。 研究还发现，尽管英国政府明令禁止从发展中国家大规模引进 NHS 的服 务人员，但有证据表明那种“偷偷摸摸的招聘”依然屡见不鲜。 很多外籍护士表示，他们初到英国时一般先去私营部门工作，在完成相 关培训课程后不久便跳槽到 NHS 寻求新的岗位。 医学英语短文阅读：以病人为中心的医疗保健 if patient-centered medicine is to become a widespread reality in academic medical centers, educational initiatives must include reform of the medical record. the medical record is part of the hidden, or informal, curriculum of medical school and residency that defines for students and residents the essential ingredients of competent medical care. whatever its merits, the conventional, problem-oriented medical record (pomr) is a pathology-oriented record that helps perpetuate a disease-focused, biomedical model of practice 如果以病人为中心的医学成为现实，在所以的教学计划中也就应该包含 医疗记录的改革。常规的、以疾病为中心的医疗记录(pomr)也就是病理记录， 它有助于维护以疾病为中心的生物医学模式。 patient-centered medicine requires a patient-centered medical record (pcmr), one that addresses the person and perspective of the patient as competently as it addresses the patient's disease. the author proposes a pcmr that includes a concise, upfront patient profile; speaks of "chief concerns," not "chief complaints"; makes patient perspective a captioned component of the history of present illness; replaces the pomr's formula soap (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) with hoap (history, observations, assessment, plan); includes important patient perspectives on the problem list; and calls for additional, written attention to the person and perspective of the patient throughout the course of medical care 以病人为中心的医学就要有一份以病人为中心的医疗记录(pcmr)，它的 对 象 是 人 。 它 要 用 主 要 问 题 来 取 代 主 诉 ;hoap(history, observations, assessment, plan)来取代 soap(subjective, objective, assessment, plan)…。 patient-centered records can guide and teach clinicians at every level of training and experience to practice patient-centered medicine. moreover, such records can also provide measurable evidence that this teaching has been successful. 以病人为中心的病历记录可以指导并教育各级临床医务人员实践以病人 为中心的医学，而且这些记录也为评价教育情况提供了量化证据。