计算机英语刘艺第4版答案

Unit Four: Software Development Unit Four/Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. application; operating 2. assemblers 3. compiler 4. interpreter 5. debugger 6. loop 7. device driver 8. John von Neumann II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. inference engine 推理机 2. system call 系统调用 3. compiled language 编译执行的语言 4. parallel computing 并行计算 5. pattern matching 模式匹配 6. memory location 存储单元 7. interpreter program 解释程序 8. library routine 库程序，程序库例行程序 9. intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序 10. source file 源文件 11. 解释执行的语言 interpreted language 12. 设备驱动程序 device driver 13. 源程序 source program 14. 调试程序 debugging program 15. 目标代码 object code 16. 应用程序 application program 17. 实用程序 utility program 18. 逻辑程序 logic program 19. 墨盒 ink cartridge 20. 程序的存储与执行 program storage and execution III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code. Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programs —such as assemblers, binders ( 联编程序), linkers, and loaders ( 加载程序) —finish the translation. Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers. IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 在软件中，错 误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑 错误。较轻 微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产 生破坏性 影响。 较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”(对命令停止反应)，可能使用户别无选择， 只能重新 启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做 好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情 况无论是哪一种， 程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要 数据的潜在危险， 商 用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发 现的较轻微错误 在下一次更新时改正;较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软 件加以 修补，以规避问 题或减轻其影响。 Unit Four/Section B I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. Machine 2. developers; components 3. CORBA 4. runtime II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. messaging model 消息接发模型 2. common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻(环境) 3. hierarchical namespace 分层名称空间 4. development community 开发界 5. CORBA 公用对象请求代理(程序)体系结构 6. 基本组件 base component 7. 元数据标记 metadata tag 8. 虚拟机 virtual machine 9. 集成开发环境 IDE (integrated development environment ) 10. 简单对象访问协议 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol ) Unit Four/Section C I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. heterogeneous 2. asynchronous 3. bridges 4. openness II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. procedure call 过程调用 2. fault tolerance 容错 3. homogeneous system 同构系统 4. autonomous agent 自主主体 5. 路由算法 routing algorithm 6. 异构型环境 heterogeneous environment 7. 多址通信协议 multicast protocol 8. 通信链路 communication(s) link