2020暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit5-6

2020 暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结 Unit5-6 高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit5-6 ☆重点句型☆ 1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 连词 + 名词做时间状语 2. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said… 连词+过去 分词做时间状语 3. When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses. 连词 + 现在分词做 时间状语 4. It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served. It 做形式主 语 5. Many people like this film not just because..., but also because... 并列连词 6. Having good table manners means knowing... 动名词做主宾语 ☆重点词汇☆ 1. comment v. 评论 2. marry v. 结婚 3. create v. 创造 4. attack v. 进攻 5. cruelty n. 残酷 6. escape v. 逃跑 7. advice n. 忠告；建议 8. afford v. 花得起(钱、时间) 9. encourage v. 鼓励 10. research n. 研究 11. interrupt v. 打断；打扰 12. apologize v. 道歉 13. pray v. 请求；祈祷 14. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕 15. match v. 相配；相适应 16. manners n. 礼貌 17. impression n. 印象 18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地) 19. custom n. 习惯；风俗 20. introduce vt. 介绍；引进 ☆重点短语☆ 1. take off 脱掉；起飞；成功 2. go wrong 出错；出问题 3. can't help doing 情不自禁做某事 4. take one's place 代替某人 5. run after 追逐；追踪 6. win a prize 获奖 7. think highly of 赞扬……；对……高度评价 8. call for 需要；索取 9. in all 总共 10. play a role 扮演角色(作用) 11. make money 挣钱 12. win over 争取过来 13. work on 从事，致力于 14. owe success to 把成功归功于某人 15. start with 以……开始 16. run away from school 逃学 17. on the air 正在播出的 18. do research 进行调查 19. speed up 加速 20. follow the fashion 追随时尚 ☆短语闯关☆ 下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据 汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词 4 分，80 分才 能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧? l. ____ screen 银幕，电影(业) 2. take ____ 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞 3. ____ wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病 4. owe sth ____ sb 把……归功于某人 5. ____ all 总共；总之 6. stay ____ 不在家，外出 7. ____ school 小学 8. lock sb ____ 将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来 9. run ____ 追赶 10. bring sb ____ 送回某人 11. ____ the air 正在播出的 12. think highly ____ 对……高度评价 13. leave ____ 省去；遗漏；不考虑 14. stare ____ 盯着 15. make ____ about sb 以某人为笑柄 16. drink (a toast) ____ 为……祝酒；为……干杯 17. win ____ 战胜 18. ____ comments on 对……加以评论 19. look sb ____ 看望，拜访某人 20. ____ a role in 在……中扮演角色；在……方面起作用 21. ____ a prize 获奖 22. to sb for (doing) sth 因某事向某人道歉 23. make a good impression ____ 给……留下好印象 24. ____ silent 保持沉默 25. pay a visit ____ 拜访 ☆交际用语☆ 1. What do you think has happened? 2. What do you know about…? 3. How do you like…? / What do you think of…? / What db you feel...? 4. May I interrupt you for a moment? 5. Excuse me / Forgive me for... / I apologize for… 6. I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry. It's all my fault. 7. That's all right. / That's OK. / No problem. 8. I wish you all the best. 9. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to... 10. Let's drink (a toast) to...! ☆单词聚焦☆ 1. afford (1) (和 can，could，be able to 连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do We can't afford to pay such a price. afford + n. / pron. (出得起；买得起等) They donot consider whether they can afford it or not. (2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do) He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely. 2. apologize 的用法 ▲ 构词：apology n. 辩解，道歉 ▲ 搭配： ① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology 的 sb for (doing) sth 向某人为 某事(为做了某事)道歉 ② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护 【考例】ANMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather. A. made B. said C. put D. passed A考查目标]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay apologize 及其名词的用法和搭配。 A答案与解析]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay A make an apology 的意思是“道歉”。 3. choice 的用法 ▲搭配： ① make a choice 选择 ② make choice of 挑选，选择，选定 ③ make / take one's choice 任意挑选 ④ have no choice but to do sth 非……不可，除……之外别无他法 【考例】AMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection A考查目标]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay choice 的意思和习惯搭配。 A答案与解析]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay B choice 是 choose 的名词形式．意思是 “选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配 have no choice but to do sth“不得不干……”。 4. determine 的用法 ▲ 构词：determination n. 决心，决断，决意；决定，确定 ▲ 搭配： ① determine to do sth 决定做某事 ② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定 ③ a man of determination 有决断力的人 ▲ 辨析：decide；determine 这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide 的含义是“不再迟疑 不定”，而 determine 含义是“把某件事确定下来”。 在 be determined to do…这个固定的结构中。过去分词 determined 的词义为“下定了 决心”。 decide 的名词为 decision，determine 的名词为 determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，…起初，她决定去找警察…… ▲ 友情提示: decide 后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断 定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是 在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。 注：在 determine to do...，determine on (upon)... 和 determine that...。(宾语从句) 三个搭配中，determine 的词义和 decide 几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。 注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事 What decided you to give up your job? 什 么因素使你决定放弃你的工作? 【考例】A2001 京皖春招]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong. A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover A考查目标]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay determine 的用法。 A答案与解析]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay B determine 和 decide 在一般情况下意思相同。 5. encourage 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的 ② encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的 ③ encouragement n. 鼓励，激励 ④ discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻 ▲ 搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受……鼓 励／鼓舞 【考例】 A2004 北京]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take A考查目标]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay encourage 的用法。 A答案与解析]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay D encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参 加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。 6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping (1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison. (2)逃脱；逃避 + n. / doing He narrowly escaped death / being killed. There's no way to escape doing the work. escape 还可表示： ①（液体等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出 Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。 ② 避免 escaped death 免于一死 There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不开他。 ③ 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师 的注意。 escape n ① 逃走 The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。 ②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷 She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷。 7. hunt 的用法 ▲ 构词：hunter n. 猎人，搜寻者 ▲ 搭配： ① hunt for / after 追猎；寻找，搜寻 ② hunt out 找出；调查出 【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew. A. hunting for B. waiting for C. shooting for D. aiming for A考查目标]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay 本题考查 hunt for 的意思。 A答案与解析]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay A hunt for 原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。 8. impression n. 印象 (1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象 His speech made a strong impression on his audience. (2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法 That's my first impression of the new college. (3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impressed his students with the importance of speaking. 9. interrupt 的用法 vt, vi ① 阻断；中断 Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。 ② 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 “Don't interrupt,” he said.“别插话, ”他说。 ▲构词： ① interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者 ② interruption n. 打岔．打断，使中断的事物 【考例】A2005 山西模拟]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking. A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt A考查目标]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay interrupt 的词义。 A答案与解析]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay D interrupt 的意思是“打断；使中断”．