高一英语语法之倒装句讲解

高一英语语法之倒装句讲解 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时 和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1） here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run 等表示来去或状态的动词。例如： Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全 倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。 2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有 助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的 答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后 离开房间。 当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不 倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1） Why can't I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案 A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒 装结构。这些否定词包括 no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until 等。本题的 正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know 答案 D. 看到 Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在 C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than 等，要倒装。例如： Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼 物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来 访。 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学 生来访。 典型例题 No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 答案 D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示 否定意义的词有 never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及 not only…but （also）, no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。 注意：只有当 Not only… but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如 果置于句首的 Not only… but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如 Not only you but also I am fond of music。 4 so, neither, nor 作部分倒装 用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 If you won't go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。 典型例题 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know, _____. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 答案：B. nor 为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A 错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D 缺乏连词。 注意：当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 "的确如此"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 ---It's raining hard.---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。 5 only 在句首倒装的情况。例如： Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来 参加会议。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 6 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提 前）。但需注意： 1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动 词一起放在主语之前。例如： Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力， 但总不能让人满意。 注意：让步状语从句中，有 though，although 时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet 可连用。 7 其他部分倒装 1） so… that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如： So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢 动。 2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如： May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。 3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should 等词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如： Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。 典型例题： 1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know 答案为 D. 否定词 Not 在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。 2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为 B。 3） Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don't know, ___. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 答案为 B. 句中的 nor 引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor 引导的倒 装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so 用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。