2021军队职称英语考试指导：卫生类C级课堂笔记第10讲

阅读理解出题特点：
2004年卫生C阅读理解题：
U.S.blacks hard-hit by cancer*
A desert between Paul and Clara
Florence Nightingale
from A desert between Paul and Clara
Paul had long promised to marry Clara.But at thirty-three he met and married Alice.Clara was driven mad.
Paul was taken to court.The judge ordered him to pay Clara$600 because of the broken promise.
比较：
2002年阅读理解题：
Natural Health Care*职称英语阅读理解练习题
On the train
Natural medicines
2003年阅读理解题：
What is death?
New Foods and The New World**(2002阅读理解部分练习题)
Giving up smoking
小节：卫生C在阅读理解考题的选取上仍然出现的2+1的趋势：2篇科普专业类主题的文章+其他类主题文章(与社会文化相关的主题较为常见)，文章文体上可能会呈现出多样性：议论文，说明文和记叙文都可能出现，其中前两种文体出现的频率较大。阅读理解部分通常有1-2篇文章“直接”来自职称用书。
职称英语C级常见词汇
athlete n.运动员，体育家;Atlantic adj.大西洋的;大西洋沿岸的(the Atlantic Ocean(the Atlantic)/大西洋);atmosphere n.大气，空气，气氛;attack n./v.攻击，抨击，批评，(疾病)发作(a heart attack/心脏病发作);attempt n.(常与at,on,to连用)努力，尝试v.(常与to连用)企图，尝试(attempt to do sth./make an attempt to do sth./试图做……);attend v.出席(at)，参加，上(学，教堂)，侍奉(attend school/上学attend a lecture/听讲课)attention n.注意，关心，关注，注意力(to pay attention to.../注意……)attitude n.姿势，态度，看法，意见(attitude towards/to.../对……的态度，看法);attract vt.吸引，引起(兴趣、注意等)(attract attention/引起注意Like attracts like./物以类聚。)attractive adj.有吸引力的，漂亮的;attribute vt.把……归因于(to)……n.属性，特质，标志(attribute...to.../把……归因于);audience n.听众，观众，读者(a large audience/很多观众);author n.作家，著者，创造者(best author/畅销书作者);automatic adj.自动的，机械的automobile n.(auto自己+mobile动)<主美>汽车(=<英>motor car,car)汽车，小汽车autumn n.秋，秋季(美国普通称fall)(in autumn/在秋天in(the)late autumn/在晚[深]秋)available adj.可用到的，可利用的，有空的(available energy/有效能(量)be available for use/可加以利用);average n.平均，平均水平，平均数adj.一般的，通常的，平均的v.平均为，均分(above the average/在一般水平以上，中上below the average/在一般水平以下，中下on the[an]average/平均);avoid n.避免;回避(avoid meeting sb./避开遇见某人);awake v.(awoke或awaked,awaked或awoken)叫醒，唤醒，a起激发对…的兴趣adj.醒着的aware adj.[用作表语]知道的far away/在远处);awful adj.可怕的，非常坏的，使人敬畏的(an awful accident/一次可怕的事故awful weather/恶劣的天气);awkward adj.笨拙的，难使用的，难以应付的(人)，尴尬的;back n.背，背部;后面adv.向后，在后面;(回溯)以前;v.(用金钱)资助;支持，援助adj.早已过去的;过期杂志的;后面的(back and forth/往返，来回back to back/背靠背behind person’s back/背着某人go back to.../回到原来状况，回原处far back in the Middle Ages/远在中古时期put(或turn)the clock back/倒拨时钟go back on/食言a back issue magazine/过期杂志back seat/后座back up/支持，援助);background n.背景;(个人出身、受教育)经历;(background music/背景音乐)backward(s)adj.向后的;相反的;(be bad for.../对……有害have a bad cold/得重感冒go bad/变质不能食用);badly adv.不良地;恶劣地;严重地;]口]非常;迫切地,balance n.天平，秤;平衡;余额v.使收支平衡;(使)平稳(keep balance/保持平衡lost balance/失去平衡strike a balance between.../在……之间取得平衡be off balance/不稳);ban(banned;banning)n./v.禁止，取缔(lay[put](a)ban on.../禁止(某事)lift[remove]the ban(on)/对……解禁place[the]...under ban/对……加以禁止);bare adj.赤裸的;无遮蔽的;空的barely adv.无遮蔽地;公开地;仅仅;几乎没有(barely enough/勉强够barely escape/好不容易地才逃了出来);base n.底;基础;起点v.(与on,upon连用)根据;基于(be based on/upon:基于)basic adj.基本的，根本的;首要的;base n.(pl)基本，基础basis(pl.)bases n.基础;主要成分(或要素)(on the basis of/以……为基础);bear n.熊;粗鲁的人;(bore,borne)v.负担;忍受;生(孩子);生产(农作物或水果)(bear..in mind/牢记..在心);
例题解析1：
下面有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
B/C级
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past，these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals publish only online.A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments，questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
1.The main readers of medical journals are
A)the general public.
B1healthprofessionals.，
C)medical critics.
D、news reporters.
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A)Many medical journals also publish online.
B)A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C)Most medical journals publish only online.
D)Most medical journals are specialty journals.
3.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A、Five.
B)Seven.
C)Four.
D)Six.
4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called
A)a research article.
B)a review article.
C)a case report.
D)an editorial.
5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on
A)any medical event.
B)articles published in the same issue.
C)articles published in that journal
D)medical development.
答案与解析：
1.文章主题分析：Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past，these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals publish only online.A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty(专业)journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments，questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
2.直接解题：
1.The main readers of medical journals are
A)the general public.
B)health professionals.
C)medical critics.
D)news reporters.
B.分析：细节题。问题问及“医疗杂志的主要读者”，借助题干中的main readers作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.(该句间接的回答了问题—向内科医生和其他健康专家提供医疗信息，所以答案是B。)
In the past，these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing，…
考点：考察考生的推断能力(考察语意功能特殊的句子—定义句)
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A)Many medical journals also publish online.
B)A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C)Most medical journals publish only online.
D.Most medical journals are specialty journals.
C.分析：细节题。发现被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet(该句与A内容一致)，and some journals publish only online.(该句直接与C矛盾)A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.(该句与B内容一致)Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.(该句与B内容一致)
考点：考察细节查找的确认的能力。
3.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A、Five.
B)Seven.
C)Four.
B)Six.
A.分析：细节题。该题涉及到文章类型。注意文章中提及文章类型的句子。这样发现答案相关句：
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments，questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
考点：考察细节的查找和确认的能力。
4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called
A)a research article.
B)a review article.
C)a case report.
D.an editorial.
B.分析：细节题。利用题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.(该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询后找出的有关某一具体主题的信息进行汇总和分析”)
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic(“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上句“综述文章”的目的一致，因此判断B是答案。)can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
考点：考察考生的推断能力。
5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on
A)any medical event.
B)articles published in the same issue.
C)articles published in that journal
D)medical development.
C.分析：借助题干中的核心结构Letters to the editor和express comments on作为答案线索，这样在文章最后部分找到答案相关句：
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments，questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal。(该句内容直接回答了问题：对杂志上发表的文章进行评论，提出问题或提出批评意见)
考点：对长句子(通常结构较为复杂)的理解和分析。
例题解析2：
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe.As a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.
When Nightingale was 17，she told her family that she was going to help sick people.Her parents did not approved，but Nightingale was determined.
She traveled to hospitals a11 over Europe.She saw that doctors were working too hard.She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care.Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.
Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more，they needed special training in how to take care of sick people.Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing.Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women、called Gentlewomen During illness.These women cared for sick people in their homes.
In 1 854,England was fighting a war with Russia.№reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded.People demanded that something be done about it.A leader of t11e government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals.So，in November 1 854，Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital.
She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself.
At first，the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals.They did not believe that women could help.But in fact，the nurses did make a difference.They worked around the clock，tending the sick.Thanks to their hard work，many wounded soldiers survived.After the War,Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes.Finally,in 1860，she started the Nightingale School for Nurses.In time，thanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing became an important part of medicine.
1 Florence Nightingale was born into a rich
A Italian family.
B Russian family.
C English family.
D German family.
2 Nightingale’s parents did not approve of her decision‘
A to work as a doctor.
B to care for sickpeople.
C to fight in the war with Russia.
D to travel to hospitals all over Europe.
3 It was not until the war with Russia that Nightingale
A got to work in a hospital.
B be gall to study nursing.
C started to care for sick people in their homes.
D became the head of Gentlewomen During Illness
4 On the battle fields Nightingale and her nurses proved to be
A as bad as the doctors had expected.
B quite generous.
C less than useful.
D very helpful.
5 Nightingale played a great role in
A the building of war hospitals.
B the education of women.
C the development of nursing.
D the improvement of working conditions for women
答案及解析：
1.文章主题分析：Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe.As a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.
由划线句内容可以判断该文章讲述Florence Nightingale这个人，可能会涉及到有关它一生的内容。
1 Florence Nightingale was born into a rich
A Italian family.
B Russian family.
C English family.
D German family.
C.分析：细节题。问题问及Florence Nightingale的出生，从文章开头开始查找，注意文章中出现的与出生有关的词语。这样发现答案相关句：
Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe.(该句直接揭示了她父母的情况：英国人。)As a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.
考点：考察考生的细心。
2 Nightingale’s parents did not approve of her decision
A to work as a doctor.
B to care for sick people.
C to fight in the war with Russia.
D to travel to hospitals all over Europe.
B.分析：细节题。利用题干中出现的特征词Nightingale’s parents和核心词approve of作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
When Nightingale was 17，she told her family that she was going to help sick people.Her parents did not approved，but Nightingale was determined(与decision相呼应).该句内容直接回答了问题，因此B(照顾穷人)是答案。
考点：考察省略句的解读。(Her parents did not approved(of her decision to help sick people)，but Nightingale was determined(to help sick people.))
care for v.喜欢,照顾;照料
e.g.I don't care for tea.我不喜欢喝茶。
e.g.He's good at caring for sick animals.他精心照料生病的牲畜。
3 It was not until the war with Russia that Nightingale
A got to work in a hospital.
B be gall to study nursing.
C started to care for sick people in their homes.
D became the head of Gentlewomen During Illness
A.分析：细节题。利用题干中出现的特征结构作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
She traveled to hospitals a11 over Europe.She saw that doctors were working too hard.She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care.Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.
Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more，they needed special training in how to take care of sick people.Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing.Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women、called Gentlewomen During illness.These women cared for sick people in their homes.
In 1 854,England was fighting a war with Russia.News reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded.People demanded that something be done about it.A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals.So，in November 1 854，Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital.(该句内容直接回答的问题：直到与俄国的战争开始的时候，Nightingale才开始在医院里工作)
考点：考察表达特殊逻辑结构的语句：结果句。
4 On the battle fields Nightingale and her nurses proved to be
A as bad as the doctors had expected.
B quite generous.
C less than useful.
D very helpful.
D.分析：总结概括题。借助常识判断A和C(没什么用)肯定不是答案。作为与C成反意项的D成为答案的可能性很大。注意到题干提到的是“Nightingale and her nurses”，利用这个结构作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself.
At first，the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals.They did not believe that women could help.But in fact，the nurses did make a difference.They worked around the clock，tending the sick.Thanks to their hard work，many wounded soldiers survived.(该句内容反映出Nightingale and her nurses作了很突出的工作)
考点：考生推断总结能力。
5 Nightingale played a great role in
A the building of war hospitals.
B the education of women.
C the development of nursing.
D the improvement of working conditions for women.
C.分析：借助上面问题的解答，知道“Nightingale和她的护士”是文章的中心，因此判断C是答案。
After the War,Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes.Finally,in 1860，she started the Nightingale School for Nurses.In time(最终)，thanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing became an important part of medicine.
考点：考察对文章中心的把握。(文章中心往往在文章的开头或/和结尾处得以反应)