2021军队职称英语考试指导：卫生类C级课堂笔记第6讲

第一部分：词汇选择(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.The normal price of a ticket for an adult is$230.
A)ordinary B)proper
C)fair D)medium
2.We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.
A)decrease B)cease
C)continue D)keep on
3.The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.A)location B)view
C)event D)landscape
4.Of the reptile groups,the snake group was the final one to appear.
A)last B)best
C)ugliest D)longest
5.Colleges and universities usually give diplomas or certificates to students who complete course requirements adequately.
A)responsibly B)sufficiently
C)patiently D)successfully
6.A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are realized.
A)fulfilled B)accepted
C)advocated D)received
7.She has been the subject of massive media coverage.
A)extensive B)negative
C)expensive D)active
8.The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.
A)rejected B)investigated
C)proposed D)postponed
9.What were the effects of the decision she made?
A)reasons B)results
C)causes D)bases
10.The sea was calm and still.
A)quite B)quiet
C)yet D)rough
11.In a bullfight,it is the movement,not the color,of objects that arouses the bull.
A)confuses B)excites
C)scares D)diverts
12.Mary called me up very late last night.
A)shouted at me B)visited me
C)telephoned me D)waked me
13.Mary gets up at the same time every morning.
A)arises B)raises
C)arrives D)stands up
14.Susan is looking for the dictionary,which she lost yesterday.
A)finding B)looking up
C)looking at D)trying to find
15.All the people assembled at Marys house.
A)collected B)fixed
C)asserted D)assist
第二部分：阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
C/B级，偏向B级
Ulcers
Even though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness,according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine.In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.
Overall,61%of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as smoking,and the remaining 39%is due to genes according to Dr.Isiha of the University of Turkey and colleagues at the university of Helsinki,Finland.Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helico-bacteria Pylori(幽门螺旋菌),the bacteria that can cause ulcers.However,the new study suggests this is unlikely,according to the report.
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs if twins“to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease”,they explain.Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal twins,suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer development.
However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pylori was not to blame.“Environmental effects were not due to factors shared by family members,and they were related to smoking and tress in men and the use of analgesics in women,”the author wrote.“The minor effects of shared environment to disease liability do not support the concept that the grouping of risk factors,such as H.pylori infection,would explain the genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease,”they concluded.
1.Smoking and stress are very likely causes of ulcer in men.
A.right B.wrong C not mentioned
2.Besides the use of pain-releasing medicines,changes in genes during birth giving help increase the risk on developing an ulcer in women.
A.right B.wrong C not mentioned
3.Economic factors contributes to over half the ulcers.
A.right B.wrong C not mentioned
4.Researchers have recently discovered that Helicobacter pylori,which is the cause of ulcers,may be spread among family members.
A.right B.wrong C not mentioned
5.In relation to ulcers,experts study twins in order to examine the roles of genetic factors and environmental factors.
A.right B.wrong C not mentioned
6.“Environmental effects”mentioned in the fifth paragraph refers to a clean environment with no smoke and dust surrounding the living area.
A.right B.wrong C not mentioned
7.The passage argues that ulcers are related to lifestyle.
A.right B.wrong C not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
难度B/C级
Singapore
1 Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia,consisting of one major island─the Singapore Island─and more than 50 small islands,located off the southern tip of Malay.The city of Singapore,the capital of the country,is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island;it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia.The total area of the republic is 640 sq.km.
2 Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief features.A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m.The country has a wet tropical climate,with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃.The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm;the wettest months are November through January.
3 Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959.A president,elected to a four-year term,is head of state,and a Prime Minister is head of government.The president used to be selected by Parliament,but by a 1991 constitutional amendment,the president is now elected directly by the people.The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected.
4 In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students.The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore,several technical colleges,and a teachers college.
5 Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia.In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at$23.7 billion,or$8,870 per person.The fishing industry is centered on the port of During,on southwestern Singapore Island.Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s,and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods,including chemicals,electronic items,clothing,and processed foods,etc.Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.
1.paragraph 2__________ A.Education
2.paragraph 3__________ B.Land and climate
3.paragraph 4__________ C.State system
4 paragraph 5__________ D.Natural resources
E.Economy
F.Population
5.Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia ____________.
6.According to the constitution of Singapore,the president of the state is selected ___________.
7.Compared with people in other Asia countries,the Singaporeans ____________.
8.Though small,Singapore has an industry of its own and can ______________.
A.live a better life
B.made up of more than 50 islands
C.have more farmland
D.not by the Parliament,but by the people
E.produce goods of various kinds
F.have a big population
第四部分：阅读理解(每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
难度C/B级
Drug Reactions–A major cause of death
Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year,making them a leading cause of death nationwide,according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
“The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions(ADRs)in US hospitals was found to be extremely high,”say researchers at the university of Toronto in Ontario,Canada.
They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined as ADR as“any harmful,unintended,and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention,diagnosis,or therapy.”
An average of 6.7%of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year,according to the researchers.They estimate that“in 1994,overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs,and 106,000 had fatal ADRs.”This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.
And these incidence figures are probably conservative,the researchers add,since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration,overdoses,drug abuse,and therapeutic failures.
The control of ADRs also means spending more money.One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to$4 billion per year.
Dr.David bates of Brigham and women’s hospital in Boston,Massachusetts,believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem,especially since many ADRs are easily preventable.“When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity,it is often not recorded,”Bates notes,“and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency.”He believes computerized surveillance systems–still works-in-progress at many of the nation’s hospitals–should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.
1.Researchers at the University of Toronto believes that ___.
A.ADRs have caused medical problems,though they seldom lead to death.
B.ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.
C.ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.
D.it is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.
2.The investigators sat that ___.
A.67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year.
B.67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital experience an ADR each year.
C.6.7%of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average.
D.6.7%of all hospitalized patients in Canada experience ADRs each year on average.
3.An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as ___.
A.$40,000,000,000
B.$4,000,000,000
C.$400,000,000
D.$40,000,000
4.The Canadian investigators think that ___.
A.the ADR incidence figures from their research are surely very exact.
B.the ADR incidence figures from their research are probably too high.
C.the ADR incidence figures from their research are perhaps too low.
D.none of the above is true.
5.According to Dr.David Bates,hospitals in America ___.
A.are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.
B.have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening.
C.do not use those drugs which will cause side effects to their patients.
D.know that many ADRs are easily preventable
难度C/B级
Diabetes
Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose for our bodies to use for energy.The pancreas,an organ near the stomach,makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into your body cells.When you have diabetes,your body either doesnt make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin well.This problem causes glucose to build up in your blood.
You may recall having some of these signs before you found out you had diabetes:
*Being very thirsty.
*Urinating a lot--often at night.
*Having unclear vision from time to time.
*Feeling very tired much of the time.
*Losing weight without trying.
*Having very dry skin.
*Having sores that are slow to heal.
*Getting more infections than usual.
*Vomiting.
Two main types of diabetes are Type 1 and Types 2.Another type of diabetes appears during pregnancy in some women.It s called gestational diabetes.
One out of ten people with diabetes has Type 1 diabetes.These people usually find out they have diabetes when they are children or young adults.The pancreas of a person with Type 1 makes little or no insulin.People with Type 1 diabetes must inject every day to live.
Most people with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes.The pancreas of people with such diabetes keeps making insulin for some time,but the body cant use it well.Most people with Type 2 find out about their diabetes after age 30 or 40.
Some risks factors which make people more likely to get Type 2 diabetes are:
*A family history of diabetes.
*Lack of exercise.
*Weighing too much.
Diabetes can hurt your eyes,your kidneys,and your nerves.It can lead to problems with the blood circulation in your body.Even your teeth and gums can be harmed.And diabetes in pregnancy can cause special problems.
1.This writing is meant to tell people
A)How to avoid diabetes.
B)What to pay attention to when they have diabetes.
C)What diabetes is.
D)About the latest development in curing diabetes.
2.A person with diabetes may have had all the following signs Except
A)Becoming fatter and fatter.
B)Becoming thinner and thinner.
C)Having to get out of bed at night and urinate.
D)Feeling like drinking lot of water very often.
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Most persons with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes are women in pregnancy.
B)Most women in pregnancy may have the danger of getting diabetes.
C)We find more persons with Type 2 diabetes among children than adults.
D)We find more persons with Type 2 diabetes among adults than children.
4.When you have Type 2 diabetes,it is sometimes possible to find that
A)Your teenage son has diabetes too.
B)Your father has diabetes too.
C)Your father-in-law is too fat.
D)Your brother does not like sports.
5.A person with diabetes may find that
A)His stomach is not able to produce enough insulin.
B)His pancreas is not able to produce enough glucose.
C)There is too much glucose in their blood.
D)There is too much insulin in their blood.
难度C/B级,文章偏向B级，但问题难度属于C级
A Miracle Cancer cure
Unless you have gone through the experience yourself,or watched a loved one’s struggle,you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you.You pray,you rage,you bargain with God,but most of all you clutch at any hope,no matter how remote,of a second chance at life.
For a few excited days last week,however,it seemed as if the whole world was a cancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve.Triggered by a front-page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times,all anybody was talking about–on the radio,on television,on the Internet,in phone calls to friends and relatives–was the report that a combination of two new drugs could,as the Times put it,cure cancer in two years.
In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors’phone lines begging for a chance to test the miracle cancer cure.Cancer scientists raced to the phones and fax lines to make sure everyone knew about their research too,generating a new round of headlines.
The time certainly seemed ripe for a breakthrough in cancer.Only last month scientists at the National Cancer Institute announced that they were halting a clinical trial of a drug called tamoxifen–and offering it to patients getting the placebo–because it had proved so effective at preventing breast cancer(although it also seemed to increase the risk of uterine cancer).Two weeks later came the New York Times’report that two new drugs can shrink tumors of every variety without any side effects whatsoever.
It all seemed too good to be true,and of course it was.There are no miracle cancer drugs,at least not yet.At this stage all the drug manufacturer can offer is some very interesting molecules,and the only cancers they have cures so far have been in mice.By the middle of last week,even the most breathless TV talk-show hosts had learned what every scientist already knew:that curing a disease in lab animals is not the same as doing it in humans.“The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancers in the mouse,”Dr.Richard Klausner,head of the National Cancer Institute,told the Los Angles Times.“We have cured mice of cancer for decades–and it simply didn’t work in people.”
1.The first paragraph describes people’s ___ after they know they or their loved ones have cancer.
A.complex feelings
B.desire to live long
C.hatred of God
D.love of their family
2.What caused all the people to talk about cancer?
A.New York Times published a medical news story
B.Radio broadcast a medical news story
C.TV showed a film about cancer
D.The Internet had a story about cancer
3.According to the New York Times report,the two drugs can ___.
A.cure all kinds of tumors but with side effects
B.cure all kinds of tumors without side effects
C.shrink all kinds of tumors but with side effects
D.shrink all kinds of tumors without side effects
4.What is the meaning of the statement“It all seemed too good to be true,and of course it was.”?
A.The news seemed very good and real and it was good.
B.The news seemed very good,but not so real,and it was false.
C.The news seemed not good,but real,and it was not good.
D.The news seemed not good,but real,and it was not good.
5.What can the new drugs really do?
A.it can cure all cancers
B.it can cure nothing
C.it can only cure cancer in mice
D.it can cure cancer in all animals
第五部分：补全短文(每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
难度C/B级
Three attitudes to life
__1__.You may approach life with the philosophy of the vegetable,in which case your life will consist in being born,eating,drinking,sleeping mating,growing old,and dying.
__2__.A great many so-called successful men and women believe that life is a business,and they arrange their conduct and behavior accordingly.If you believe that life is a business your first question of life,naturally,is“what do I get out of it?”__3__.
The great majority of human beings today look at life as if it were a business.__4__.
The third attitude toward life is the approach of the artist.Here the basic philosophy is“what can I put into it?”,and the basic relation of the individual to his follow-men is one of cooperation and common sense.__5__.The more we investigate and the more we learn about living the more we become convinced that the artistic attitude is the only one which is consistent with human happiness.
A.In a word based on this attitude,happiness becomes a matter of successful competition.
B.As a human being you have the choice of three basic attitudes towards life.
C.Their basic philosophy is one of competition and efficiency.
D.The second basic attitude is to look at life as if it were a business.
E.This point of view has been proved by history;for history remembers best those who have contributed most richly to the interests of their follow-men.
F.Is a proper attitude of life sure to bring about a happy life?
第6部分：完型填空(每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
难度C/B级
The Invention of the Television
In the nineteenth century,the invention of the telegraph made it possible to send noises,signals,and even music over wires from one place to another.However,the human voice __1__this way.Many inventors tried to find a __2__ to send a voice over wires,and in1876 __3__their efforts were crowned with success.__4__American inventors,Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray,__5__ at almost the same time.The __6__ finally had to decide which of the two __7__ the first inventors of the telephone.The court decided __8__ Bells favor.
Born in Edinburg,Scotland,Bell grew up in a family __9__ was very interested in teaching people __10__.His grandfather had been an actor who left __11__ to teach elocution;his father was a teacher __12__ deaf-mutes learn how to speak.
However,probably none of the __13__ inventions gave Bell the same feeling of triumph __14__ he had on the day when he spilled __15__ acid from his batteries.It was after he had worked for months to find ways to send something more than metallic twangs over the wires.Thinking Watson,his helper,was in the next room,Bell called,“Mr.Watson,come here.I want you.”Watson was not in the next room.He was down in his laboratory,next to the receiver.To Watson’s surprise,he heard the words perfectly.He ran to tell Bell the news:the wires had carried Bell’s voice perfectly.
1.
A)had never traveled B)never had traveled
C)was never traveled D)never was traveled
2.
A)solution B)key
C)way D)mean
3.
A)Two B)The two
C)The two of D)Of two
4.
A)was succeeded B)have succeeded
C)Succeeded D)was succeeding
5.
A)was B)to be
C)being D)having been
6.
A)at B)on
C)to D)in
7.
A)that B)where
C)in which D)who
8.
A)a theatre B)theatre
C)theatres D)the theatre
9.
A)which was helped B)that was helped
C)who helped D)who has helped
10.
A)later B)latter
C)lately D)afterwards
11.
A)like B)to
C)which D)as
12.
A)of B)/
C)as D)than
13.
A)being his helper B)was his helper
C)his helper D)to be his helper
14.
A)come here B)come up
C)go away D)go down
15.
A)besides B)beside
C)next D)by
参考答案：
词汇：
1A 2B 3A 4A 5B
6A 7A 8B 9B 10B
11B 12C 13A 14D 15A
阅读判断：
1A 2C 3B 4B 5A
6B 7A
概括大意，完成句子：
1B 2C 3A 4E 5B
6D 7A 8E
阅读理解：
1C 2C 3B 4C 5A
1C 2A 3D 4B 5C
1A 2A 3D 4B 5C
补全短文：
1B 2D 3A 4C 5E
完型填空：
1A 2C 3A 4C 5A
6D 7A 8D 9C 10A
11D 12D 13C 14A 15C