2021军队职称英语考试指导：卫生类C级课堂笔记第3讲

概括大意与完成句子出题特点：
以2002年和2003年职称英语C级的概括大意与完成句子题进行比较：
2002年C级：Health Education
2003年C级:Friendly Relations with the People around
attached materials:
From Health Education
主题理解---Health education is the part of health care(健康保健，对比：medical care system n.医疗保健制度)that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior.
文章特点：文章中句子结构不复杂，如(最复杂的句子)：
In health education we must work with families,communities,and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.
From Friendly Relations with the People around
主题理解---You depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness(归属)that you must have to feel secure.
文章特点：文章中句子结构不复杂，如(最复杂的句子)：
The important point,however,is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that is satisfying both to you and to them.
Comp:Our faults lies more with our values than with our understanding of life.
小结:卫生类C级的概括大意与完成句子题的文章主题通常涉及疾病健康方面,但有时也可能会出现其他主题类文章,如涉及到社会文化或大众科技方面的主题.文章难度低于阅读理解部分的文章难度.文章结构通常为说明文或论述文.该部分题通常是从书外出题.文章段落长度较均匀，通常为4-6行。
?概括大意与完成句子解题思路
对该短文主要有两项测试任务：1。要求为短文中指定的四个段落个选择一个小标题;2。要求考生补全与短文有关的4个不完整的句子，而这四个句子中通常都不是短文中的直接原句。它们或者是文章中某个句子的”换种说法”,或者是文章中某几个句子的归纳总结句.
概括大意与完成句子题中的概括大意题其实并不需要我们一句一句地读指定的段落的大意，只要我们首先抓住段首句的语义及用词(有必要时再结合段尾句的大意和用词);同时扫视全段，看段落中的核心词语的词义(尤其是特殊句子结构中的名词，动词，形容词和副词的词义)这样往往就可以正确的答题了。
补充：
特殊句子结构：however,but,on the other hand,nevertheless,although,though,even if(表示转折或让步语意);therefore,thus,accordingly,so,consequently,hence,as a result(表示结果);in general,generally,in a word,to sum up,in conclusion(表示总结概括)
段落标题还往往有一个特点，即：选出的小标题里一般应该包含了指定段中的某个出现频率较高的某个词或主题句中的中心词或以其的另一种词性出现，如：原文中的某个核心动词在标题句中是以其名词的形式出现的，这一线索也是帮助我们正确和快速解题的关键。
完成句子部分的题其实和解答完型填空题的基本思路是一致的，唯一的不同是：完型填空是要求考生对词语/短语的选择，而补全短文是要求考生对部分句子结构的选择。所以只要我们熟悉了解完型填空题的方法我们就能较容易地解答这部分题了，总之，语法上及结构搭配的判断是解答完成句子题的关键。
?概括大意题解题步骤:
1.阅读文章标题,把握文章中心,猜测文章可能结构安排,文章可能涉及内容.
2.仔细分析被选项小标题的特点,尤其注意有关系项,并可借助被选项的内容猜测文章可能内容.
3.借助文章标题判断距离文章中心的”远近选项”，而通常“远离文章中心的选项”很可能不是答案选项，而“离文章中心近的选项”可能是答案选项。
4.在指定段落中寻找查找特殊结构句子(包括段落中特殊位置处的句子)，并把这些特殊句子中的核心词词义(核心短语语意)与被选项小标题中的核心词进行对比，通常这样都能出答案。
5.如果按照上述的方法还不能直接出答案，可先把该题放一放，接着做下面的题，这样可以把该题的答案选择范围进一步的缩小。
?完成句子题解题步骤：
1.仔细观察被选项的结构特点和内容组成;
2.直接借助空格处的搭配结构特点或搭配语意解题;
3.先按照上述方法做容易做的题，这样可以缩小答案选择范围;
4.借助题干中的核心词/特征词作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句，确认文章中的直接/间接答案相关句，借助句意确认答案。
本讲教学目的
通过概括大意与完成句子题的讲解帮助考生掌握解答这种题的有效解题方法，并借助文章句子与用词的分析帮助考生对英语的语法和词汇进行回顾和复习。
例题解析：
2003年职称英语等级考试卫生类C级考题
Friendly Relations with the People Around
You depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness(归属)that you must have to feel secure.But,in fact,the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them,a person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound(一定的)to be a lonely wolf.
The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness.How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences.You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you.The important point,however,is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game.You dont know them.when the game is over,you will go your separate ways.But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship,of sharing the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索)to what companionship really is.It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy,understanding,trust,and affection.Companionships become friends when these ties are formed.
When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance(熟人),you may not know with whom you will make friends,but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
1.Paragraph 2_____.
2.Paragraph 3_____.
3.Paragraph 4_____.
4.Paragraph 5_____.
A.Close link between companionship and belongingness
B.How to satisfy other peoples needs
C.An example of a satisfying relationship
D.Difficulties in establishing friendships
E.What companionship really is
F.Making friends with new acquaintances
5.If you had no one to share your feelings,your life would be____.
6.The warm feelings of belongingness may give you ____.
7.The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you ____.
8.You will find it hard to make friends with people ____.
A.sad and lonely
B.emotionally health
C.without real love for them
D.a sense of security
E.a lonely wolf
F.without pity
文章主题分析--抓住中心词。
Friendly Relations with the People Around
小标题被选项分析---抓住中心词
A.Close link between companionship(友谊)and belongingness
B.How to satisfy other peoples needs
C.An example of a satisfying relationship
D.Difficulties in establishing friendships
E.What companionship really is
F.Making friends with new acquaintances
解题：
1.Paragraph 2_____.
A.解题思路：利用段首句的句意特点(概括句)和后续句子的特点(对前句解释性的句子)和句中的核心词。
The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness.(概括句)How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences.(对前句进行解释性)。You may(作为例子继续进行解释)take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you.The important point,however,is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
Take it for granted that..想当然的认为…
Keep/make/consider/leave+n./pron.+adj.
not so much A as B:与其说A不如说B
B.How to satisfy other peoples needs
C.An example of a satisfying relationship
D.Difficulties in establishing friendships
E.What companionship really is
F.Making friends with new acquaintances
2.Paragraph 3_____.
C.利用段首句句意的特点(假设某种情况)和后续句子的特点(是在对这种假设的情况进行详细的描述)直接判断答案。
Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game.You dont know them.When the game is over,you will go your separate ways.But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship,of sharing the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
Cheer:n.愉快,欢呼v.(使)快活,(对)欢呼
e.g.Lets give three cheers for our team—theyve won!
让我们为我们队欢呼三声，他们赢了。
B.How to satisfy other peoples needs
D.Difficulties in establishing friendships
E.What companionship really is
F.Making friends with new acquaintances
3.Paragraph 4_____.
E.利用段落中的核心词Companionships直接确认答案。
An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索)to what companionship really is.It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy,understanding,trust,and affection.Companionships become friends when these ties are formed.
B.How to satisfy other peoples needs
D.Difficulties in establishing friendships
F.Making friends with new acquaintances
4.Paragraph 5_____.
F.对比段落中用词和被选项中的用词特点选择答案。
When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance,you may not know with whom you will make friends,but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
A.sad and lonely
B.emotionally health
C.without real love for them
D.a sense of security
E.a lonely wolf
F.without pity
5.If you had no one to share your feelings,your life would be____.
A.根据搭配句意判断答案可能为A和B。借助题干中的黑体结构作为答案线索，这样在第2段找到直接答案相关句：How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences.
B.emotionally health
C.without real love for them
D.a sense of security
E.a lonely wolf
F.without pity
6.The warm feelings of belongingness may give you ____.
D.直接借助搭配句意选择答案。
B.emotionally health
C.without real love for them
E.a lonely wolf
F.without pity
7.The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you ____.
B.借助题干中的特殊结构：keep+pron.+adj.直接选择答案。也可利用establish fine relations作为答案线索，在第2段最后一句中找到直接答案相关句。
The important point,however,is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
B.emotionally health
C.without real love for them
E.a lonely wolf
F.without pity
8.You will find it hard to make friends with people ____.
C.借助题干中的黑体结构作为线索，这样在文章最后一段中找到答案。
When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance(熟人),you may not know with whom you will make friends,but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.