Drive Trains and Axles Translations

     1) An automotive clutch is used to connect and disconnect the engine and manualtransmission or transaxle. The clutch is located between the engine and the transmission.

    译：离合器主要用于连接和断开发动机和手动变速器或者变速驱动桥的动力传输。离合器位于发动机和变速器之间。

    2) When the driver presses the clutch pedal，the clutch releases mechanism pulls orpushes the clutch fork. The fork moves the release bearing into the center of the pressureplate. This causes the pressure plate face to pull away from the clutch disc, releasing thedisc from the flywheel. The engine crankshaft can then turn without turning the clutchdisc and the transmission input shaft.

    译：当驾驶员踩下离合器踏板时，离合器分离机构推动或拉动离合器拨叉。拨叉带动分离轴承进人压盘中部，从而使压盘和离合器盘分离，离合器盘和发动机飞轮分离。之后发动机曲轴转动起来，不需离合器和变速器输人轴的转动。

    3) Transmission gear ratios vary from one manufacturer to another.  However,approximately gear ratio are 3，1 for first gear, 2，1 for second gear，1，1 for third，orhigh gear，and 3，1 for reverse gear.

    译：变速器传动比因制造商不同而不同。一般来说，一挡齿轮传动比为3:1，二挡为2，1，三挡或者高挡位为1，1，倒挡为3，to

    4) A manual transmission must be shifted by hand to change the amount of torquegoing to various parts of the drive train.

    译：手动变速器通过手动换挡来改变传递到传动系的扭矩。

    5) This enables the assembly to transfer power smoothly as the front wheels move upand down over bumps and from side-to-side while turning.

    译：当前轮在不平路面上下运动和左右转向时，该结构可以保证动力传输的平稳性。