论文写作指导：短文写作高分攻略

 一、审题，定要点 
　　首先，要明确文章的体裁，是议论文、记叙文、说明文，还是应用文。再决定使用的人称和时态。例如，日记用过去时；说明文、议论文用一般现在时。2010年湖北卷的短文写作是读文写文的新文体，要求举一例子来说明微笑的功能，那么这个例子是自己经历过的，所以用过去时。再如2009年湖北卷要求回一封电子邮件说明两个成语的用法，"'无所不为'应使用'无所事事'"应使用一般现在时。而2008年湖北卷，买了一部手机，由于质量问题要求更换，主要用一般过去时，在表达自己的要点时则应穿插一般现在时：Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month. 
　　 
　　二、加强句与句之间的衔接词，掌握基本体裁结构以及段落的常用语句 
　　表示平行、对等或选择关系：and，both ... and，as well as，nEither ... nor，either ... or，not only ... but also 
　　表示转折关系：but，yet，however，nevertheless，in spite of，although，otherwise，while 
　　表示对比关系：on the contrary，instead of，on the other hand，just like，unlike，in contrast
　　表示因果关系：so，for，therefore，as a result，because，owing to，due to，thanks to，on account of，because of 
　　表示递进、强调：furthermore，what's more，in addition，moreover，worse still， above all， certainly important of all，to make matters worse 
　　表示解释说明关系：namely，actually，such as，for example，for instance，that is to say，in other words， and so on，to tell you the truth，according to this 
　　表示结论：in short，in brief，in a word，in general，as you know，as far as I know，on the whole 
　　 
　　三、增加文章亮点 
　　除了使用连接词使得行文结构分明，文意贯通，而且还要尽可能采用较高级词汇和短语。例如： 
　　（1）I think/believe ... (一般) 
　　In my opinion/view，personally speaking，as far as I know， as far as I'm concerned（较好） 
　　（2）There are three methods. (一般) 
　　There are three solutions/approaches to this problem. （较好） 
　　（3）New China was founded in 1949. （一般） 
　　1949 saw the founding of new China. （较好） 
　　另外还要会用从句，恰当地运用倒装句、强调句和非谓语动词是提高写作档次最高效的办法。例如： 
　　（1）Yao Ming is a great Chinese basketball player，he is helping the Houston Rockets in the NBA and he has a great skill. （简单句） 
　　Yao Ming， who is a great Chinese basketball player and has a great skill，is helping the Houston Rockets in the NBA. （定语从句） 
　　（2）After he had finished his homework, he went out to have a rest. （状语从句） 
　　Having finished his homework，he went out to have a rest. （分词作状语） 
　　（3）I picked up the book in the shop at the corner. 
　　It was in the shop at the corner that I picked up the book. （强调句型） 
　　（4）When he stayed indoors, the door was closed. 
　　He stayed indoors with the doors closed. (with 的复合结构) 
　　（5）Only then did they realize hey had made a serious mistake. （倒装句）