2019年在职攻人员攻读硕士学位英语模拟练习五

　　Paragraph three

　　The diseases afflicting Westerm sociences have undergone dramatic changes. In the course of a century so many mass killers have vanished that tow-thirds of all deaths are now associated with the diseases of old age. Those who die young are more often than not the victims of accidents, violence and suicide.

　　These changes in public health are generally equated with progress and are attributed to more or better medical care. In fact, there is no evidence of any direct relation between changing disease patterns and the so-called progress of medicine.

　　The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy and the insignificance of much Contemporary clinical care in the curing of disease are all obvious, well-documented and well-repressed.

　　The fact that there are more doctors where certain diseases have become rare has little to do with their ability to control or climinate them. It simply means that doctors deploy(施展)themselves as they like, more so than other professionals, and that they tend to gather where the climate is healthy, where the water is clean, and where people work and can pay for their services.

　　Question

　　What is the author’s tone in talking about developments in medicine?

　　A. matter-of-fact B. cautious C. indifferent D. cynical

　　Reading and Translation Practice for MPA examination:

　　They used to call Antarctica "a continent for science". Scientists and technologists may dream on, but the world is fast closing in. The number of tourists visiting the continent has increased tenfold in the past decade. This Antarctic summer some 8,000 people are expected to claim ashore.

　　What does the paragraph of this passage suggest but does not state?

　　A. Antarctica is no longer" a continent for science".

　　B. Scientists and technologists have too many dreams.

　　C. Antarctica is an ideal tourist site.

　　D. This summer some 8,000 scientists and tourists will come to Antarctica.

　　Three years ago, it seemed briefly that Antarctica‘s problems were solved. It was declared a "world park" with a new environmental protocol. But the protocol, with its new rules on waste disposal, emergency planning and environmental impact assessment, has never been brought into effect. Ten countries, just over a third of the Antarctic Treaty nations, have ratified the protocol.

　　What do we learn about the protocol about Antarctica?

　　A. It forbids all tourists from visiting Antarctica.

　　B. It allows everyone in the world to visit Antarctica.

　　C. It was carried out 3 years ago.

　　D. It has never been put into practice.

　　The protocol and its supplement would go a long way to prevent such accidents by imposing better environmental planning, reporting practices arid legal responsibilities. Antarctica is a large place and it will take more than one oil spell to do serious damage. But if scientists cannot keep their own bases clean, what hope do they have of imposing high standards on others?

　　What can we infer from the paragraph?

　　A. The environmental problems of Antarctica cannot be solved in one day.

　　B. The damage to the environment of Antarctica done by one oil spill was minor.

　　C. We need a lot of oil spills to do the environment of Antarctica any harm.

　　D. Tourists are more responsible for the protection of the environment of Antarctica.

　　Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do riot discuss it in class or give an examination. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Grade-conscious students may be frustrated with teachers who do not believe it is necessary to grade every assignment. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning “the material assigned”.

　　"Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams". This means _ _

　　A. Teachers want students to fail exams.

　　B. Teachers care only about exam grades.

　　C. Teachers have no time to correct students‘ papers.

　　D. Teacher believe that passing exams is not the only purpose of a course.

　　One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

　　Why did silent reading become a fashion?

　　A. A change in the status of literate people.

　　B. A change in the nature of reading.

　　C. An increase in the number of books.

　　D. An increase in the average age of readers.

　　Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is ‘yes", then you are either extremely permissive, or just plain irresponsible, you’re your answer is "no", then you are exercising your sight as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as censor yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong case for censorship.

　　According to this passage, a responsible parent will __

　　A. refuse the censorship over works of art.

　　B. agree to expose censorship over books.

　　C. prevent his/her children from reading books.

　　D. not allow his/her children to see films.

　　When discussing censorship, therefore, we should not confine our attention to great masterpieces,

　　but those which make up the bulk of the entertainment industry.

　　The word "confine" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to __

　　A. restrain B. concentrate C. limit D. direct

　　There are serious disadvantages in the life of a television reporter. One is that lie never goes deeply into any one subject -he may be expert at mastering a brief in a short time and "getting up”_a subject, but a week later he is on to the next subject, and a week later still lie is no to the subject after that. He seldom grapples with a full-scale investigation of any one thing. He has to be able to forget what he was working on a few weeks before, otherwise his mind would become a chaos. This suits some people every well, but it does not suit others, and it does not suit me.

　　The word "brief‘ in this paragraph is closest in meaning to __

　　A. shorts B. outline C. advice D. instruct

　　The business world has abundant examples of firms that were once successful but that failed to continue satisfying consumer demands. Competition assures that, over the long run, firms that satisfy consumer demands will be successful and those that do not will be replaced.

　　The word "assures" in this paragraph is the same as __

　　A. evidences B. proves C. promises D. guarantees

　　Even allowing for all these factors, However, the partners of women who were suffering from perinatal(围产期的) depression were significantly more likely to become depressed themselves, the researchers report in an American journal. Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. For the healthy women, the figure was only 2.6 percent.

　　Which of the following statements is Not true?

　　A. Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners.

　　B. 2.6 per cent of healthy women were depressed.

　　C. Special attention should be paid to families in which both the father and the mother were depressed.

　　D. Primary schoolchildren whose parents were both depressed couldn‘t get along well with their

　　peers.

　　Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, there opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves-.more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today‘s ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them.

　　1. Why do the people living in cities cause great stress according to the author?

　　A. Because there are so many people who are anxious to succeed.

　　B. Because there are so many people who are in need of help.

　　C. Because city dwellers are inherently more aggressive that the countrymen.

　　D. Because there are more people in the cities who are likely to commit crimes.

　　2. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because __

　　A. people do not communicate with their neighbors.

　　B. criminals are difficult to trace in large populations.

　　C. people fell anonymous there.

　　D. the trappings of success are attractive to criminals.

　　Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old-established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both pubic and private organizations, usually to be replaced huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks.

　　The author‘s general argument is that urban life would be improved by ____

　　A. moving people out of tower blocks.

　　B. restoring old buildings

　　C. building community centers.

　　D. preserving existing social structures.