- 一级建造师考试
- 二级建造师考试
- 三支一扶
- 安全评价师考试
- 保险经纪资格考试
- 报关员资格考试
- 博士入学考试
- 成人高考
- 成人英语三级考试
- 程序员考试
- 出版专业资格考试
- 大学英语三级
- 大学英语四六级考试
- 单证员考试
- 导游证考试
- 电气工程师
- 电子商务设计师考试
- 房地产经纪人考试
- 房地产评估师考试
- 高级会计师资格考试
- 高考
- 高中会考
- 给排水工程师
- 公共英语等级考试
- 公务员考试
- 国际货运代理
- 国际内审师
- 国家司法考试
- 化工师
- 环境影响评价师
- 会计人员继续教育
- 会计职称考试
- 基金从业资格
- 计算机等级考试
- 计算机软件水平考试
- 监理工程师考试
- 教师招聘
- 教师资格
- 结构工程师考试
- 经济师考试
- 考研
- 空姐招聘
- 遴选
- 美术高考
- 普通话考试
- 期货从业资格
- 求职招聘
- 人力资源管理师
- 软件设计师考试
- 商务英语考试(BEC)
- 社会工作者职业水平考试
- 审计师考试
- 事业单位招聘
- 事业单位招聘
- 数据库系统工程师
- 特许公认会计师(ACCA)
- 同等学力
- 统计师考试
- 托福考试(T0EFL)
- 外贸跟单员考试
- 网络工程师考试
- 网络管理员考试
- 网络规划设计师考试
- 系统分析师考试
- 消防工程师
- 小升初
- 校园招聘
- 信息系统管理工程师考试
- 选调生考试
- 雅思考试
- 岩土工程师考试
- 医生招聘
- 艺术高考(艺考)
- 银行从业人员资格
- 银行招聘
- 英语翻译资格考试
- 营销师考试
- 造假工程师考试
- 证券从业资格考试
- 中考
- 注册安全工程师考试
- 注册测绘师考试
- 注册城市规划师考试
- 注册环保工程师考试
- 注册会计师考试
- 注册计量师考试
- 注册建筑师考试
- 注册税务师考试
- 注册资产评估师
- 专升本考试
- 专业英语四级八级考试
- 自考
- 安全员
- 跟单员
- 考试一本通
- 其它资料
2019 年北京师范大学博士入学考试英语真题
I. Listening Comprehension (15 points)
Section A
Directions: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be
spoken only once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given
and choose the one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have
heard by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER
SHEET with a single line through the center.
1.
A. He is in a drug store.
B. He is at a department store.
C. He is at home.
D. He is at his doctor's office.
2.
A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me.
B. You made me forget what I was saving
C. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you.
D. You told me never to interrupt you.
3.
A Sally drove back and forth to work twice today
B. Sally took long time to do her work.
C. Sally took her lunch with her to work.
D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time.
4.
A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests.
B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course.
C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks.
D. It is not necessary to order a textbook.
5.
A. The speaker's salary is $250.
B. The speaker's salary is $1000.
C. The speaker's salary is $1100.
D. The speaker's salary is $ 275.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of
each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the
conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question
there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the
corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the
center.
6.
A. Clean up her room
B. Get her report back.
C. Not wait for him past noon.
D. Not worry about her raincoat.
7.
A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down.
B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.
C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number.
D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.
8.
A. Someone who is in charge of hunting.
B. A boss of a company.
C. A job-seeking advisor.
D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company.
9.
A. The woman is not careful at all this time.
B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enough
C. The woman is most careful this time.
D. The woman has never been careful.
10.
A. Tom stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour.
B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent.
C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~
D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five
statements for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each
statement is true or false while you are listening to the interview. If you think
the answer is true, mark A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the
ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
11. Xiangzhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old.
12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used to call dogs.
13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position,
Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet.
14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction,
15. After many years in the United States Xiangzhen's body language is still
completely Korean.
II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best
answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the
corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the
center.
Passage 1
Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago,
computed tomography or computed medical imagery has become fairly
widely used. Its rapid acceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome
several of the drawbacks of conventional X-ray technology.
To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show
all of the information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at
different depths are super imposed, causing confusion to the viewer.
Computed tomography can give three-dimensional information. The
computer is able to reconstruct pictures of the body's interior by measuring
the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing through sections of the body
from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are based on series of thin
“slices”.
In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone
and air, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or
variations in tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and
certain other organs may only be rendered visible through the use of
radiopaque dye. Since computed tomography is much more sensitive, the
soft tissues of the kidneys or the liver can be seen and clearly differentiated.
This technique can also accurately measure different degrees of X-ray
absorption, facilitating the study of the nature of tissue.
A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability to
measure quantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances
through which the X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the
tissues is recorded. This is not a problem with computed tomography. It can
accurately locate a tumor and subsequently monitor the progress of radiation
treatment, so that in addition to its diagnostic capabilities, it can play a
significant role in therapy.
16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference between
A. bone and air
B. liver and pancreas
C. muscle and other body tissues
D. heart and lungs
17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the
body?
A. Two-dimensional. B. Three-dimensional.
C. Animated.
D. Intensified.
18. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared to conventional X-ray
techniques, computed tomography is more
A. compact
B. rapid
C. economical
D. informative
19. What is the author's attitude toward this new technique?
A. Cautious.
B. Tolerant.
C. Enthusiastic.
D. Critical.
20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of
the following EXCEPT
A. monitoring a patient's disease
B. diagnosing disorders
C. locating tumors
D. reconstructing damaged tissues
Passage 2
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as
purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. This
notion is apparent in the origin of our word “pharmacy,” which comes from
the Greek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging."
By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had developed
virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used
gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug
catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian
physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are the names
of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. a
scroll dating from 1900B.C. and named after the German Egyptologist George
Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian
physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and
carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain
of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with
ethyl alcohol.
The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug
preparation. The “chief of the preparers of drugs” was the equivalent of a
head pharmacist, who supervised the “collectors of drugs.” field workers, who
gathered essential minerals and herbs. The “preparers’ aides” (technicians)
dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain
formulas by the “preparers” And the “conservator of drugs” oversaw the
storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ
ingredients were kept.
By the seventh century B.C., the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated
mind-body view of medicine. They believed that a physician must pursue the
diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific
framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the
early Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health,
even if the suspected “mental” causes of disease were not recognized as
stress and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.
The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered
in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how
chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would
eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine.
Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass
before superstition was displaced by scientific fact. One major reason was
that physicians unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens—such
as bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils.
And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in
treating disease was still based largely on trial and error.
Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this
trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human
biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science,
many of the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were
accidental finds.
21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the
first paragraph in order to
A. show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical science
B. point out that man of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held today
C. illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to
internal cleansing
D. emphasize the primitive nature of Greek medical science
22. According to the passage, the seventh-century Greeks' view of medicine
differed from that of the Sumerians in that the Greeks
A. discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugs
B. acknowledged both the mental and physical roots of illness
C. established a rigid hierarchy for the preparation of drugs
D. attributed disease to psychological, rather than physical, causes
23. In Paragraph 5, the word “holistic” most nearly means
A. integrated B. religious
C. modern
D. physiological
24. The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the
modern era of pharmacology may have been delayed by,
A. a lack of understanding of the origins of disease
B. a shortage of chemical treatments for disease
C. an inaccuracy in pharmaceutical preparation
D. an overemphasis on the psychological causes of disease
25. In the final paragraph, the author makes which of the following
observations about scientific discovery?
A. Human biochemistry is such a complex science that important discoveries
are uncommon.
B. Many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered.
C. Trial and error is the best avenue to scientific discovery.
D. Chance events have led to the discovery of many modem drugs.
Passage 3
When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder
whether life exist in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by
remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth.
Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is
doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of
chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot
prove at present that they do not.
Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in
a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and
温馨提示:当前文档最多只能预览 6 页,此文档共13 页,请下载原文档以浏览全部内容。如果当前文档预览出现乱码或未能正常浏览,请先下载原文档进行浏览。
发表评论(共0条评论)
下载需知:
1 该文档不包含其他附件(如表格、图纸),本站只保证下载后内容跟在线阅读一样,不确保内容完整性,请务必认真阅读
2 除PDF格式下载后需转换成word才能编辑,其他下载后均可以随意编辑修改
3 有的标题标有”最新”、多篇,实质内容并不相符,下载内容以在线阅读为准,请认真阅读全文再下载
4 该文档为会员上传,版权归上传者负责解释,如若侵犯你的隐私或权利,请联系客服投诉
点击加载更多评论>>