2017年云南昆明理工大学考博英语真题

2017 年云南昆明理工大学考博英语真题 考生答题须知 1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做 在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。 2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。 3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。 4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。 Part II Structure and Vocabulary ( 15 points ) Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. 1. It is rather ______ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today. A. misleading 2. B. boring C. embarrassing D. demanding Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s ______ policies. A. economical 3. B. economic C. economy D. economics At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ______. A. on view 4. B. ingenious C. incompatible D. inherent B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated Jack was about to announce our plan but I ______. A. cut him short 7. D. in sight She was so ______ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door. A. attracted 6. C. on the scene Being impatient is ______ with being a good teacher. A. intrinsic 5. B. at a glance B. gave him up C. turned him out D. put him through When Jack was eighteen he ______ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. A. took to 8. B. took up D. took on You see the lightning ______ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A. the instant 9. C. took for B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant It is said that the math teacher seems ______ towards bright students. A. preferable B. partial C. beneficial D. liable 10. It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a ______. A. concession B. submission C. transmission D. recession 11. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and ______. A. vivacious 12. Benjamin B. perilous C. introverted D. lucrative Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so ______ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France. A. shrewd B. foxy C. considerate D. adroit 13. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ______ every cheat in the marketplace. A. in lieu of B. for the price of C. by courtesy of 14. Reporters D. at the mercy of and photographers alike took great ______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview. A. annoyance B. resentment C. offence D. irritation 15. If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very ______. A. waxy B. sticky C. slippery D. greasy Part III. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points ) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as "the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered." When a plane passes the sound barrier—flying faster than sound travels— listeners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them. Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules— somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it. The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate 波动 per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch. Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per second—although this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic. Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear. The speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717. 16. According to this passage, “Mach” refers to ______. A. B. C. D. the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of sound a machine a Czech-born Australian physicist the pilot of the plane 17. Sound is produced by ______. A. B. C. D. vibrations of an object passing through the air spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pond thunders a flying plane 18. Decibel is ______. A. the frequency of radiating waves B. the pressure of radiating waves C. the unit for measuring the intensity of sound D. the speed of sound 19. Which of the following is a TRUE statement? A. Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing. B. Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media. C. Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature. D. Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature. 20. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage? A. The Prefix Mach. B. The Speed of Sound. C. The Frequency of Sound. D. The Intensity of Sound. Passage 2 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.